Bailey, M. J., & Dynarski, S. M. (2011). Gains and gaps: Changing inequality in U.S. college entry and completion. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 17633. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w17633
Krashen, S. (2005). The hard work hypothesis: Is doing your homework enough to overcome the effects of poverty? Multicultural Education, 12(4), 16–19.
Reardon, S. F., Murnane, R., & Duncan, G. (2011). The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. In Whither opportunity? Rising inequality and the uncertain life chances of low-income children (pp. 91–116). New York: Russel Sage Foundation Press.
这里有个小问题：“学校变得更加隔离。白人和少数族裔之间的教育测试在 20 年内没有改变。”
我认为这里的意思是“白人”和少数族裔之间的成绩差距在 20 年内没有改变。 这不是真的 - 不同种族之间的成绩差距正在缩小 - 但新出现的差距更多是经济因素的函数（例如，Bailey & Dynarski，2011；Reardon 等人，2011）。 （这并没有否定潜在的观点 - 潜在的差距是存在的，并且通常取决于资源的获取（参见 Krashen）。
Bailey, M. J., & Dynarski, S. M. (2011). Gains and gaps: Changing inequality in U.S. college entry and completion. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 17633. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w17633
Krashen, S. (2005). The hard work hypothesis: Is doing your homework enough to overcome the effects of poverty? Multicultural Education, 12(4), 16–19.
Reardon, S. F., Murnane, R., & Duncan, G. (2011). The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. In Whither opportunity? Rising inequality and the uncertain life chances of low-income children (pp. 91–116). New York: Russel Sage Foundation Press.