从命令行检查文件通常是一件容易的事情。您只需运行您想要的命令，后跟要检查的文件列表。然而，处理二进制文件则更为复杂。这些文件通常被打包成档案、tarball 或其他打包格式。run-on-binaries 脚本提供了一种方便的方法，可以在文件集合上运行命令，无论它们是如何打包的。
脚本的调用非常简单
run-on-binaries <file(s}>例如
run-on-binaries /usr/bin/ls foo.rpm将列出 foo.rpm 文件内的所有文件，而
run-on-binaries /usr/bin/readelf -a libc.a将在 libc.a 库内的所有目标文件上运行带有 -a 命令行选项的 readelf 程序。
如有必要，该脚本可以传递一个包含要处理的其他文件列表的文件，而不是在命令行上指定它们——像这样
run-on-binaries --files-from=foo.lst /usr/bin/ps2ascii这将对 foo.lst 中列出的所有文件运行 ps2ascii 脚本。（文件只需要用空格分隔。如果需要，可以在单行上包含多个文件）。
此外，可以提供一个跳过列表，以阻止脚本处理指定的文件
run-on-binaries --skip-list=skip.lst /usr/bin/wc *这将对当前目录中的所有文件运行 wc 程序，但 skip.lst 中指定的文件除外。
该脚本不会递归到目录中，但这可以通过将其与 find 命令结合使用来处理，如下所示
find . -type f -exec run-on-binaries @ ;或者
find . -type d -exec run-on-binaries @/* ;这两个调用之间的唯一区别是，第二个调用每个目录只运行一次目标程序，但为其提供一个包含目录中所有文件的长命令行。
虽然方便，但该脚本在几个方面存在不足。目前，它不检查 PATH 环境变量来查找被要求运行的命令，因此必须提供完整路径。此外，脚本应该能够自行处理递归，而无需 find 命令的帮助。
run-on-binaries 脚本是 annobin 包的一部分，该包在 Fedora 上可用。annobin 的源代码也可以从 git 仓库 git://sourceware.org/git/annobin.git 获取。
脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Script to run another script/program on the executables inside a given file.
#
# Created by Nick Clifton. <nickc@redhat.com>
# Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
# option) any later version.
# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# Usage:
# run-on-binaries-in [options] program [options-for-the-program] file(s)
#
# This script does not handle directories. This is deliberate.
# It is intended that if recursion is needed then it will be
# invoked from find, like this:
#
# find . -name "*.rpm" -exec run-on-binaries-in <script-to-run> {} \;
version=1.0
help ()
{
# The following exec goop is so that we don't have to manually
# redirect every message to stderr in this function.
exec 4>&1 # save stdout fd to fd #4
exec 1>&2 # redirect stdout to stderr
cat <<__EOM__
This is a shell script to run another script/program on one or more binary
files. If the file(s) specified are archives of some kind (including rpms)
then the script/program is run on the binary executables inside the archive.
Usage: $prog {options} program {options-for-the-program} files(s)
{options} are:
-h --help Display this information and then exit.
-v --version Report the version number of this script.
-V --verbose Report on progress.
-q --quiet Do not include the script name in the output.
-i --ignore Silently ignore files that are not executables or archives.
-p=<TEXT> --prefix=<TEXT> Prefix normal output with this string.
-t=<DIR> --tmpdir=<DIR> Temporary directory to use when opening archives.
-f=<FILE> --files-from=<FILE> Process files listed in <FILE>.
-s=<FILE> --skip-list=<FILE> Skip any file listed in <FILE>.
-- Stop accumulating options.
Examples:
$prog hardened foo.rpm
Runs the hardened script on the executable
files inside foo.rpm.
$prog check-abi -v fred.tar.xz
Runs the check-abi script on the decompressed
contents of the fred.tar.xz archive, passing the
-v option to check-abi as it does so.
$prog -V -f=list.txt readelf -a
Runs the readelf program, with the -a option on
every file listed in the list.txt. Describes
what is being done as it works.
$prog -v -- -fred -a jim -b bert -- -c harry
Runs the script "-fred" on the files jim, bert,
"-c" and harry. Passes the options "-a" and
"-b" to the script (even when run on jim).
Reports the version of this script as well.
__EOM__
exec 1>&4 # Copy stdout fd back from temporary save fd, #4
}
main ()
{
init
parse_args ${1+"$@"}
if [ $failed -eq 0 ];
then
run_script_on_files
fi
if [ $failed -ne 0 ];
then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
}
report ()
{
if [ $quiet -eq 0 ];
then
echo -n $prog": "
fi
echo ${1+"$@"}
}
ice ()
{
report "Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
exit 1
}
fail ()
{
report "Failure:" ${1+"$@"}
failed=1
}
verbose ()
{
if [ $verbose -ne 0 ]
then
report ${1+"$@"}
fi
}
# Initialise global variables.
init ()
{
files[0]="";
# num_files is the number of files to be scanned.
# files[0] is the script to run on the files.
num_files=0;
script=""
script_opts="";
prog_opts="-i"
tmpdir=/dev/shm
prefix=""
files_from=""
skip_list=""
failed=0
verbose=0
ignore=0
quiet=0
}
# Parse our command line
parse_args ()
{
abs_prog=$0;
prog=`basename $abs_prog`;
# Locate any additional command line switches
# Likewise accumulate non-switches to the files list.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
optname="`echo $1 | sed 's,=.*,,'`"
optarg="`echo $1 | sed 's,^[^=]*=,,'`"
case "$optname" in
-v | --version)
report "version: $version"
;;
-h | --help)
help
exit 0
;;
-q | --quiet)
quiet=1;
prog_opts="$prog_opts -q"
;;
-V | --verbose)
if [ $verbose -eq 1 ];
then
# This has the effect of cancelling out the prog_opts="-i"
# in the init function, so that recursive invocations of this
# script will complain about unrecognised file types.
if [ $quiet -eq 0 ];
then
prog_opts="-V -V"
else
prog_opts="-V -V -q"
fi
else
verbose=1;
prog_opts="$prog_opts -V"
fi
;;
-i | --ignore)
ignore=1
;;
-t | --tmpdir)
if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
then
shift
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
fail "$optname needs a directory name"
else
tmpdir=$1
fi
else
tmpdir="$optarg"
fi
;;
-p | --prefix)
if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
then
shift
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
fail "$optname needs a string argument"
else
prefix=$1
fi
else
prefix="$optarg"
fi
;;
-f | --files_from)
if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
then
shift
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
fail "$optname needs a file name"
else
files_from=$1
fi
else
files_from="$optarg"
fi
;;
-s | --skip-list)
if test "x$optarg" = "x$optname" ;
then
shift
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
fail "$optname needs a file name"
else
skip_list=$1
fi
else
skip_list="$optarg"
fi
;;
--)
shift
break;
;;
--*)
fail "unrecognised option: $1"
help
;;
*)
script="$1";
if ! [ -a "$script" ]
then
fail "$script: program/script not found"
elif ! [ -x "$script" ]
then
fail "$script: program/script not executable"
fi
# After we have seen the first non-option we stop
# accumulating options for this script and instead
# start accumulating options for the script to be
# run.
shift
break;
;;
esac
shift
done
# Read in the contents of the --file-from list, if specified.
if test "x$files_from" != "x" ;
then
if ! [ -a "$files_from" ]
then
fail "$files_from: file not found"
elif ! [ -r "$files_from" ]
then
fail "$files_from: file not readable"
else
eval 'files=($(cat $files_from))'
num_files=${#files[*]}
fi
fi
skip_files[foo]=bar
# Check that the skip list exists, if specified.
if test "x$skip_list" != "x" ;
then
if ! [ -a "$skip_list" ]
then
fail "$skip_list: file not found"
elif ! [ -r "$skip_list" ]
then
fail "$files_from: file not readable"
fi
fi
# Accumulate any remaining arguments separating out the arguments
# for the script from the names of the files to scan.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
optname="`echo $1 | sed 's,=.*,,'`"
optarg="`echo $1 | sed 's,^[^=]*=,,'`"
case "$optname" in
--)
shift
break;
;;
-*)
script_opts="$script_opts $1"
;;
*)
files[$num_files]="$1";
let "num_files++"
;;
esac
shift
done
# Accumulate any remaining arguments without processing them.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
files[$num_files]="$1";
let "num_files++";
shift
done
if [ $num_files -gt 0 ];
then
# Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
let "num_files--"
else
fail "Must specify a program/script and at least one file to scan."
fi
}
run_script_on_files ()
{
local i
i=0;
while [ $i -le $num_files ]
do
run_on_file i
let "i++"
done
}
# syntax: run <command> [<args>]
# If being verbose report the command being run, and
# the directory in which it is run.
run ()
{
local where
if test "x$1" = "x" ;
then
fail "run() called without an argument."
fi
verbose " Running: ${1+$@}"
${1+$@}
}
decompress ()
{
local abs_file decompressor decomp_args orig_file base_file
# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
if test "x$4" = "x" ;
then
ice "decompress called with too few arguments"
fi
if test "x$5" != "x" ;
then
ice "decompress called with too many arguments"
fi
abs_file=$1
decompressor=$2
decomp_args=$3
orig_file=$4
base_file=`basename $abs_file`
run cp $abs_file $base_file
run $decompressor $decomp_args $base_file
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$orig_file: Unable to decompress"
fi
rm -f $base_file
}
run_on_file ()
{
local file
# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
if test "x$1" = "x" ;
then
ice "scan_file called without an argument"
fi
if test "x$2" != "x" ;
then
ice "scan_file called with too many arguments"
fi
# Use quotes when accessing files in order to preserve
# any spaces that might be in the directory name.
file="${files[$1]}";
# Catch names that start with a dash - they might confuse readelf
if test "x${file:0:1}" = "x-" ;
then
file="./$file"
fi
# See if we should skip this file.
if test "x$skip_list" != "x" ;
then
# This regexp looks for $file being the first text on a line, either
# on its own, or with additional text separated from it by at least
# one space character. So searching for "fred" in the following gives:
# fr <- no match
# fred <- match
# fredjim <- no match
# fred bert <- match
regexp="^$file[^[:graph:]]*"
grep --silent --regexp="$regexp" $skip_list
if [ $? = 0 ];
then
verbose "$file: skipping"
return
fi
fi
# Check the file.
if ! [ -a "$file" ]
then
fail "$file: file not found"
return
elif ! [ -r "$file" ]
then
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
fail "$file: not readable"
fi
return
elif [ -d "$file" ]
then
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
if [ $num_files -gt 1 ];
then
verbose "$file: skipping - it is a directory"
else
report "$file: skipping - it is a directory"
fi
fi
return
elif ! [ -f "$file" ]
then
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
fail "$file: not an ordinary file"
fi
return
fi
file_type=`file -b $file`
case "$file_type" in
*"ELF "*)
verbose "$file: ELF format - running script/program"
if test "x$prefix" != "x" ;
then
report "$prefix:"
fi
run $script $script_opts $file
return
;;
"RPM "*)
verbose "$file: RPM format."
;;
*" cpio "*)
verbose "$file: CPIO format."
;;
*"tar "*)
verbose "$file: TAR archive."
;;
*"Zip archive"*)
verbose "$file: ZIP archive."
;;
*"ar archive"*)
verbose "$file: AR archive."
;;
*"bzip2 compressed data"*)
verbose "$file: contains bzip2 compressed data"
;;
*"gzip compressed data"*)
verbose "$file: contains gzip compressed data"
;;
*"lzip compressed data"*)
verbose "$file: contains lzip compressed data"
;;
*"XZ compressed data"*)
verbose "$file: contains xz compressed data"
;;
*"shell script"* | *"ASCII text"*)
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
fail "$file: test/scripts cannot be scanned."
fi
return
;;
*"symbolic link"*)
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
# FIXME: We ought to be able to follow symbolic links
fail "$file: symbolic links are not followed."
fi
return
;;
*)
if [ $ignore -eq 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unsupported file type: $file_type"
fi
return
;;
esac
# We now know that we will need a temporary directory
# so create one, and create paths to the file and scripts.
if test "x${file:0:1}" = "x/" ;
then
abs_file=$file
else
abs_file="$PWD/$file"
fi
if test "x${abs_prog:0:1}" != "x/" ;
then
abs_prog="$PWD/$abs_prog"
fi
if test "x${script:0:1}" = "x/" ;
then
abs_script=$script
else
abs_script="$PWD/$script"
fi
tmp_root=$tmpdir/delme.run.on.binary
run mkdir -p "$tmp_root/$file"
verbose " Changing to directory: $tmp_root/$file"
pushd "$tmp_root/$file" > /dev/null
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "Unable to change to temporary directory: $tmp_root/$file"
return
fi
# Run the file type switch again, although this time we do not need to
# check for unrecognised types. (But we do, just in case...)
# Note since are transforming the file we re-invoke the run-on-binaries
# script on the decoded contents. This allows for archives that contain
# other archives, and so on. We normally pass the -i option to the
# invoked script so that it will not complain about unrecognised files in
# the decoded archive, although we do not do this when running in very
# verbose mode. We also pass an extended -t option to ensure that any
# sub-archives are extracted into a unique directory tree.
case "$file_type" in
"RPM "*)
# The output redirect confuses the run function...
verbose " Running: rpm2cpio $abs_file > delme.cpio"
rpm2cpio $abs_file > delme.cpio
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unable to extract from rpm archive"
else
# Save time - run cpio now.
run cpio --quiet --extract --make-directories --file delme.cpio
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from cpio archive"
fi
run rm -f delme.cpio
fi
;;
*" cpio "*)
run cpio --quiet --extract --make-directories --file=$abs_file
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from cpio archive"
fi
;;
*"tar "*)
run tar --extract --file=$abs_file
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from tarball"
fi
;;
*"ar archive"*)
run ar x $abs_file
if [ $? != 0 ];
then
fail "$file: Unable to extract files from ar archive"
fi
;;
*"Zip archive"*)
decompress $abs_file unzip "-q" $file
;;
*"bzip2 compressed data"*)
decompress $abs_file bzip2 "--quiet --decompress" $file
;;
*"gzip compressed data"*)
decompress $abs_file gzip "--quiet --decompress" $file
;;
*"lzip compressed data"*)
decompress $abs_file lzip "--quiet --decompress" $file
;;
*"XZ compressed data"*)
decompress $abs_file xz "--quiet --decompress" $file
;;
*)
ice "unhandled file type: $file_type"
;;
esac
if [ $failed -eq 0 ];
then
# Now scan the file(s) created in the previous step.
run find . -type f -execdir $abs_prog $prog_opts -t=$tmp_root/$file -p=$file $abs_script $script_opts {} +
fi
verbose " Deleting temporary directory: $tmp_root"
rm -fr $tmp_root
verbose " Return to previous directory"
popd > /dev/null
}
# Invoke main
main ${1+"$@"}
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